Sunday, April 29, 2018

A First Quilt

Now that I’m retired, I actually have the time to get back to doing some of the things that I learned and/or enjoyed in my younger years. Quilting is one of those things.

I made my first quilt when I was in high school. It was a patchwork quilt made entirely of leftovers. At one time, I could have recalled every article of clothing, made by my mother, that was represented in my quilt.

Every square of my quilt was made from crimplene. Anyone remember that sixties and seventies word? Crimplene was a sturdy synthetic fabric that could be used for just about any style of clothing. It is now considered a vintage fabric. Crimplene is so tough that my quilt top looks pretty much the way it did over forty years ago! In fact, I’m probably going to have to replace the backing at some point. The backing is an old flannel sheet that was old when I made the quilt.

My quilt went off to university with me and to this day it continues to be part of my life. It hasn’t always had the respect that it perhaps deserves, but it’s still around. At one time, it was the favourite blanket of our sweet dog, Lady. Lady has been gone for some time now, but the quilt hangs on. I’m not sure if it yet qualifies as a family heirloom, but it may one day.

A patchwork quilt is a good option for a first quilt. If you sew, you can cut and save squares of fabric until you have enough for the size of quilt that you’d like to make. If you purchase new fabric for your quilt, remember to wash and dry it before cutting into it. Making a patchwork quilt is all straight line sewing and it will give you lots and lots of practice matching corners, which is important in quilting.

My first quilt was tied rather than being quilted by hand or machine. Tying a quilt is a great option for beginners. I used yarn, but you can also use embroidery floss. I tied at the intersections of the patchwork squares. Tying a quilt can be combined with traditional hand quilting or with machine quilting.

If you’ve ever thought about making a quilt, there are lots of patterns, other than patchwork, that are beginner friendly. It can be frustrating at times, but it is very rewarding to snuggle on the sofa with your handmade quilt.

There is lots of information out there about quilting. Websites and apps can guide you through patterns and techniques. As you plan and explore, don’t be intimidated by the quilting elite. Quilts have been around a lot longer than fancy long arm sewing machines and cutting templates. If our grandmothers and great grandmothers could make quilts by hand or with a treadle sewing machine, you’ll be just fine with your straight stitch machine.

So, why not give quilt making a try? Perhaps you could start small with something like a wall hanging, baby quilt or lap quilt. Or just jump right in and start working on a full size quilt. Quilted items make great gifts, but you may not want to give your first quilt away. You never know, it might just become a family heirloom!

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Sunday, April 22, 2018

The Bicycle: History, Health & Hashtags

You would think that in light of the fact that the wheel has been around since 3500 B.C., the bicycle would not have been such a recent invention. It turns out that the first bicycle didn’t appear until the early 19th century. Just barely 200 years ago.

My love affair with bicycles began when I successfully maneuvered my cousin’s two wheeler at about the age of six. I’ve been cycling ever since. Riding my bicycle gave me a sense of independence at a young age. As I got older, it became a mode of transportation and then a form of exercise. Now, I look at it almost as a friend.

The first bicycle was called a dandy horse or a draisine. There were no pedals and the rider sat while using his/her feet to walk the “horse” along. It was made almost entirely of wood. These early bicycles were called velocipede by the French. It was a French metalworker who added cranks and pedals to the front wheel, similar to the construction of a tricycle.

Next came a variety of two, three and four wheeled versions that used cranks, treadles and pedals. Weight was always an issue and these vehicles didn’t roll very easily. Eventually, rubber tires and steel frames evolved into the penny-farthing, or high-bicycle. Its large front wheel allowed for greater speeds, but they were very unsafe. Riders were often hurt when they were thrown from their perch.

The safety bicycle was invented in the late 1800s. It was marketed as a safe alternative to the unsafe high-bicycle. It’s most significant contribution to bicycle history was a chain drive to the rear wheel. It also had a steerable front wheel, equal sized wheels and air inflated tires. The diamond frame was also introduced at this time. The coaster brake replaced earlier versions of braking mechanisms.

The safety bicycle remained popular well into the twentieth century.  It is, in fact, basically what you get if you buy a coaster bike today. I can remember my mother referring to my first bicycle as a safety bicycle. I think this was mostly to make her feel better. I’m not really that old!

Although the derailleur was developed in the early 1900s, it wasn’t until the 1970s that multispeed bicycles became more popular than the single speed coaster bike. Recreational cycling saw the development of the mountain bike, the recumbent bicycle and more recently, modern technology has been used to create stronger and more aerodynamic bicycles. You can even get a bicycle with an electronic gear shifting system.

I’ve been riding the same bicycle for almost forty years. It’s a ten speed, but I only ever use five of them. Over the years, it’s had new tires, but not much else in the way of maintenance has been required. Now that’s a good investment. I recently had handlebar extensions installed so that I could ride more upright...an age related accommodation. Did I just say that?

Now that I have retired, my morning walks have become a morning bike ride...another age accommodation. Did I just say that, again? My morning bike ride is good exercise, but it’s also a good way to start the day. Cycling makes me feel good.

Like any physical exercise, bike riding improves both physical and mental health. It also turns out that cycling improves cognitive health, as well. Several research studies have shown that bike riding can kick your brain into a higher gear, with improved memory and reasoning skills. It should come as no surprise that bicycle riding has been shown to help reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.

I love riding my bicycle and I ride it pretty much everyday, nine months of the year. I will be the first to admit, though, that I’m not a cycling fanatic. I do not ride when it’s snowing. I do not wear spandex when I ride. I do not do my own bicycle repairs. I do not go on multi day cycling trips. I simply love riding my bicycle. #morningbikeride #bicyclelife #bicyclelove

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Sunday, April 15, 2018

Marvelous Mud

Muddy Boots [Photograph found in She Knows]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles/972515/update-your-mudroom-for-fall
As I was mucking about in the garden, wearing my new wellies, I started thinking about mud. Slippery, sloppy, marvelous mud. This time of year, it seems that mud is everywhere, not just in the garden. And by everywhere, I mean to include my kitchen floor.

When you think about it, mud really is just about everywhere, with the exception, perhaps, of the North and South Poles. Mud is what you get when you mix dirt and water. If you’ve got both of these things, mud is inevitable.

With mud being so plentiful, it’s no wonder that it gets used for everything from adobe to art work. Mud has been a part of the human condition forever. It’s also a resource that we share with all living things.

Prehistoric people left evidence of their existence in mud. Human footprints recently found in Tanzania are estimated to be between 5,000 to 19,000 years old. In Tennessee, cavers found ancient drawings in mud on the walls of what is now known as Mud Glyph Cave.

Mud is still used in artistic ways today. Japanese artist Yusuke Asai creates incredible murals using mud. Some artists use dirt to colour their paints...mud paints. Pottery is made from clay, a form of mud. Kids create art in mud and with mud every time it rains or when the sprinkler gets left on too long.

O'Keefe, M. T. (n.d.). What Is Adobe? [Photograph found in Photographer's Choice RF Collection, ThoughtCo]. Retrieved February 7, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-adobe-sustainable-energy-efficient-177943
Mud is not just for aesthetics. People have used mud in construction since prehistoric times. Mud bricks, called adobe, are air dried in molds. Straw is sometimes added to the mud mixture to provide additional stability to the finished bricks. Fired bricks are sometimes made from clay, a form of mud. Banco or ferey is a type of brick made with mud and grain husks. The Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali is a Unesco World Heritage Site that is made from banco bricks. Mud is also used like plaster to cover walls. Mudcrete, a blend of mud and concrete, is sometimes used to build roads.

Mud is also used for recreational purposes. Mudding is a popular Motorsport activity and runners can participate in mud runs. There’s also mud wrestling for those so inclined.

11 Benefits of Mud Baths [Photograph found in Baths at Roman Spa, California]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from http://bathsromanspa.com/10-benefits-of-mud-baths/
How about a mud bath? Pelotherapy, or the therapeutic use of mud, has been used for thousands of years as a way to relieve arthritic pain. Some mud bathers actually lie in a tub of mud. Others smear the mud all over their bodies. I don't think that I could sit in a tub of mud, but rubbing mud on my sore knees or soaking my tired feet in mud sounds like something I just might like to try. If you travel, you might run across one of the mud baths recommended by American Express.

Mud Masks from Walmart
You don't have to go far to enjoy a mud mask. You can find prepared mud masks in the cosmetic section of many department stores or you can mix up something at home from a package. If you are the adventurous type, you could even give a made from scratch recipe a try. Your face will feel clean, smooth and rejuvenated.

You have probably heard at least one of the many versions of the jazz tune "Mississippi Mud" or perhaps Brad Paisley's "Mud on the Tires". And then, of course, there was McKinley Morganfield, better known as Muddy Waters, the blues musician often referred to as the father of modern Chicago blues. Mud is in the title or lyrics of many popular songs.

Mud has made its way into our daily conversations in the form of figurative language. That’s as clear as mud. Here’s mud in your eye. Don’t be a stick in the mud. My name is mud. As happy as a pig in mud.

Pigs are not the only animals that like or use mud. Just like people, some animals, like birds and wasps, use mud to build their homes. Animals that wallow in mud, like pigs and elephants, do so, in part, because it’s a comfort behaviour that contributes to their wellbeing. Sounds like a visit to the spa to me.

Mud Pie [Photograph found in Food Network]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchen/mississippi-mud-pie-recipe-2043369
It turns out that mud pies aren't just for playtime. Geophagia is the practice of eating mud or clay. While it sometimes has psychiatric implications, it is not uncommon for people who are living in poverty to eat dirt or mud. Some forms of clay, such as bentonite or kaolin are also used as digestive aids or as the base for some medicines. There are, however, risks associated with eating dirt or mud and it is generally not considered a safe practice. That being said, I highly recommend a large slice of Mississippi Mud pie. Consuming Mississippi Mud pie would not be considered a form of geophagia. Check out one of these awesome recipes at Epicurious or The Food Network.

Since 2009 we have been able to celebrate Marvelous Mud with International Mud Day. This year's celebration takes place June 29th. If you're interested in celebrating, check out some of the suggested activities at Kodo Kids or Artful Adventures. Or maybe you could just enjoy a mud mask. Either way, don't be a stick in the mud. Take some time to enjoy Marvelous Mud. Here's mud in your eye!


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Yamatane by Yusuke Asai [Photograph found in Rice Gallery, Houston, Texas]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from http://www.ricegallery.org/yusuke-asai/ Horned Owl - Mud Glyph Cave [Photograph found in Atlanta]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/20/us/tennessee-cave-art/index.html


References:
  • 11 Benefits of Mud Baths [Photograph found in Baths at Roman Spa, California]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from http://bathsromanspa.com/10-benefits-of-mud-baths/
  • Horned Owl - Mud Glyph Cave [Photograph found in Atlanta]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/20/us/tennessee-cave-art/index.html
  • Muddy Boots [Photograph found in She Knows]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from http://www.sheknows.com/home-and-gardening/articles/972515/update-your-mudroom-for-fall
  • Mud Pie [Photograph found in Food Network]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/food-network-kitchen/mississippi-mud-pie-recipe-2043369
  • O'Keefe, M. T. (n.d.). What Is Adobe? [Photograph found in Photographer's Choice RF Collection, ThoughtCo]. Retrieved February 7, 2018, from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-adobe-sustainable-energy-efficient-177943
  • Yamatane by Yusuke Asai [Photograph found in Rice Gallery, Houston, Texas]. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2018, from http://www.ricegallery.org/yusuke-asai/


Sunday, April 08, 2018

Rainy Days & Mondays: Can They Really Get You Down?

While the link between sunlight and mood has been clearly established through clinical evidence, can a rainy day cause you to feel down? Karen Carpenter sang that “rainy days and Mondays always get me down”. Was it really the rain?

Some evidence suggests that rainy days can make you feel down and that if you are already experiencing depression, a rainy day can be even more of a struggle. There are many correlational studies that suggest rain also makes some people feel more negative about things.

Rain can make some people experience more pain and pain can make you feel down. Reduced atmospheric pressure on rainy days causes a change in the pressure on you. Fluids in your body move from blood vessels to tissues and put pressure on nerves and joints. If you have pre existing conditions, such as arthritis, your knees really do get stiffer and hurt more when it rains. There is also considerable evidence to suggest that rainy days produce more migraines.

Some studies maintain that it’s not the rainy day, it’s the lack of sunshine that makes you feel down. No sunshine means that your body is not producing as much vitamin D which in turn affects seratonin production. Low levels of vitamin D and seratonin mean an increase in feelings of sadness, or for some, symptoms of depression.

April showers may bring May flowers, but if it’s been raining for days it can be hard to see the bright side of things. Gene Kelly seemed very happy Singing in the Rain. You don’t have to actually sing to experience a lift in mood on a rainy day. Just getting outside will help. Even when it’s raining there is still some UV light getting through and this can help stimulate serotonin production.

Inside activities can also help the rainy day blues. Instead of taking a nap, try doing something that you enjoy, like listening to upbeat music, watching a funny movie, reading a good book or doing arts and crafts. The sage advice of getting up when you’re feeling down also applies. Getting up and getting active means exercising. Exercise produces endorphins, one of the “feel good” neurotransmitters in your brain. Find an exercise video on YouTube. Play That Funky Music or some Uptown Funk and give your dance moves a workout. If you have a stationary bike or a treadmill, hop on and put a few miles on the odometer.

Get up, get out, get active. You might not turn your Rainy Days & Mondays into Singing in the Rain, but you are certain to feel better.


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Sunday, April 01, 2018

Easter, Eggs & Shaving Cream

Easter eggs have been around a long time. They were a part of spring festivals and celebrations long before there was Easter. Eggs symbolize new life. They were a natural fit for Christian beliefs and were easily assimilated into Easter traditions. Even coloured or decorated eggs predate Easter. Decorated ostrich egg shells, that were found in Africa, are over 60,000 years old.

Egg decorating in the Christian tradition began with eggs that were stained red to symbolize the blood of Christ. Over time, egg decorating took on many different looks, some of which continue today. Decorations often held symbolic meanings related to Easter or spring. Ukrainian Pysanka are perhaps the most well known decorated eggs. These amazingly beautiful eggs are decorated using a wax resist (batik) method.

When my daughter was about eight years old, my mother and I took her to a Ukrainian egg making workshop at a local art gallery. We have no Ukrainian family connections, but lots of curiosity and we learned the basics in an evening. That being said, I can assure you that it would take years of practice to be able to create the eggs that you see in pictures.

Over the years, as egg traditions continued, chocolate eggs made their debut in Europe in the mid 1800s. The popularity of chocolate eggs has grown steadily and today millions of chocolate eggs are consumed every year.

This year, I wanted to make some decorated Easter eggs to help give the house a spring look. I decided to try making some shaving cream Easter eggs. It was lots of fun and I’m pleased with the results. The marbled look is lovely and each egg is one of a kind. The directions were easy to follow. Shaving cream Easter eggs could be made with children, under supervision. The instructions include information about how to make the eggs using whipped cream so that they can be eaten.

Whether you celebrate Easter or not, I wish for you a lovely spring day and hope that you have the opportunity to spend some time with family and friends on this holiday weekend. And, of course, I hope that you are enjoying some Easter eggs of your own.


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Shaving Cream Easter Eggs



Sunday, March 25, 2018

Owl-some Owls

Eastern Screech Owl - photo credit to my friend, Bev Place Walkling
Owls have always fascinated me. Owls are nocturnal by nature, so we usually hear them instead of see them. I think this is what makes an owl sighting so special. You don’t see a lot of owls in the city. I was probably nine or ten when I saw my first owl in the wild. I was on a hike with my Dad. Several years ago I saw a snowy owl sitting on a road sign on Christmas Day. It made a special day even more special. This little beauty is an Eastern Screech Owl that was photographed by a friend during a nature hike at one of our local city parks.

My interest in owls made me a huge fan of Farley Mowat’s Owls in the Family...a great read at any age. Then, of course, there is Owl in Winnie the Pooh, Hedwig in Harry Potter and Athene/Minerva’s owl in Greek and Roman mythology. Owls are a very popular topic in literature. References to owls appear in many cultures and represent many different beliefs.

There are about two hundred different types of owls and they are found all around the world. The great grey owl is the biggest in terms of length. The smallest owl is the elf owl.

In western cultures, owls are associated with wisdom. So what is it that makes an owl so wise? Apparently, they aren’t any smarter than most other birds. They are, however, incredible creatures with some really amazing adaptations. Maybe we think they are smart because they are like us in some ways and also because they can do some really cool things that we can’t.

Imagine being able to swivel your head 270º. Talk about eyes in the back of your head. What parent wouldn’t appreciate that? Owls have binocular vision, just like humans. Although they are farsighted, owls have great night vision. Just think about never bumping into anything when you get up to go to the bathroom in the middle of the night. Owls have really large eyes and that, quite frankly, just makes them look smart.

Owls have incredible hearing. Many species of owls have different sized ears placed at different heights on their heads. This allows them to hear from different angles. Additionally, the flattened facial disk of the owl funnels sound directly to the ears, magnifying the sound up to ten times. Owls can hear things that they can’t actually see. Even with your Spock ears on, you can’t hear that well. In truth, it might be distracting to have such good hearing. Although, as we age, owl ears might be advantageous.

Owls are skilled in flight. They are strong and silent as they fly slowly and with purpose. From Icarus to the Wright Brothers, people have looked at birds and wanted to fly. Just imagine being able to soar above the earth and look down with a perspective so different from standing on terra firma. The closest experience I can imagine would be hang gliding or parasailing. No wonder these sports are so popular!

Owls are generally solitary, but when they are in groups, the group is called a parliament. In human terms, we cannot always assume that our governing bodies have the wisdom of owls, which you will recall aren’t really any smarter than most other birds...

Owls really are amazing...owl-some, one might say. If you are lucky enough to be able to see the occasional owl, count yourself fortunate. I am looking forward to my next sighting. In the meantime, I will continue knitting my owl hats. Perhaps I will even consider hang gliding or parasailing. Maybe not. Well, maybe.


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Sunday, March 18, 2018

Let’s Go Fly a Kite

Mike Flying a Kite in Bermuda
Have you ever flown a kite? I have lots of good memories of making and flying kites in my younger years. My Dad was somewhat of a kite connoisseur and taught us the basics of construction and flight. I mostly remember keep it light, make it strong, use a bridle and a tail. From newspaper kites to ones made with plastic garbage bags, we got a lot of strange looking things to fly. It was lots of fun.

Kites were invented in China in the 5th century B.C. They were used for a variety of recreational, scientific and military purposes. Some of these early kites could lift men off the ground and some made music as they flew. From China, kite making made its way east through Asia. Although stories of kites made their way to Europe through Marco Polo in the 13th century, it wasn’t until the 16th and 17th centuries that kites appeared in Europe.

Kite flying and kite festivals are very popular throughout Asia and parts of Europe and South America. Some of these festivals take the form of kite fighting, others are contests and many are a form of celebration. In Bermuda, kites are flown on Good Friday to celebrate the resurrection of Christ.

For many years my sister’s family had a kite tradition where they took a small compact kite with them whenever they travelled. They would fly the same kite in the different locations that they visited.

I still love to fly kites. Kite flying can be a fun activity for all ages. Once you get your kite in the air, it can be a very relaxing, enjoyable experience. If you think that you’d like to give kite flying a try, you can buy a kite at a hobby or toy store, or you could order one online. If you’re up to the challenge, you could even try making your own kite.

There are safety considerations when flying a kite. A large open area with no above ground electrical power lines is essential. Your kite could become a dangerous electrical conductor. A space without a lot of trees will ensure that your kite is not “eaten” by a tree, a fate that Charlie Brown often experienced. If you think that you’d like to fly a really big kite, be aware that large kites often lift people off the ground or drag them along, causing injuries. If you live in an urban area, there may be kite flying height restrictions to ensure the safety of low flying aircraft.

Even if you aren’t up to actually flying a kite, just watching a kite in flight can also be an enjoyable experience. Although kite festivals are not so popular in North America, there are still lots of kite enthusiasts around. Keep an eye on the local media for planned events. You might even get lucky and just happen upon a kite in flight on a spring excursion.

The next time that someone tells you to “go fly a kite”, take them up on the suggestion. In fact, why not invite them to join you. A second person is always helpful when getting a kite airborne. You’ll both enjoy the experience.

“Let’s go fly a kite, Up to the highest height!” (from the movie, Mary Poppins)


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Kite at Grand Bend Beach Kite at Grand Bend Beach





Saturday, March 17, 2018

The Wearing o' The Aran

It’s that time o' year when we celebrate the wearing o' the green, whether we have Irish ancestry or not. In honour o' my “Year o' Aran” knitting theme, I present my latest Aran project, an infinity scarf, designed by me! In the lore o' Aran knitting, the blackberry or trinity stitch pattern represents the thickets o' blackberries that grow on the Aran Islands. The three part stitch also represents the holy trinity. The cable stitch represents the fisherman’s ropes. I’ve learned a lot about Aran knitting this winter and it’s been lots o' fun. I’m actually considering making myself an Aran sweater...next winter. (Insert fingers crossed!) Top o' the morning to you!

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For more photos check out the Etsy listing for this scarf here: Fisherman's Knit Aran Scarf (Trinity/Blackberry Stitch & Cables)




Sunday, March 11, 2018

One is the Loneliest Number

This past winter, the prime minister of the U.K., Theresa May, appointed a Minister for Loneliness. It was a bold step to address an issue that is having an impact not only on individuals and society, but also on the health care system. The appointment made an impact across the globe by drawing awareness to an issue that is key to the mental health of young and old alike.

Loneliness is defined in the dictionary as the unhappiness that is felt by someone because they do not have any friends or do not have anyone to talk to (Collins Dictionary). The entry goes on to provide synonyms for loneliness that perhaps provide a better understanding of the term...isolation, desolation, seclusion.  

Loneliness is more than just feeling sad. It is a deep and intense experience that impacts mental and physical health. It influences how an individual perceives and engages with the world, and has a profound effect on how he/she exists on a day to day basis. 

Loneliness does not discriminate. It can affect anyone of virtually any age or walk in life. Children experiencing separation anxiety can feel lonely, as can a teen who feels socially isolated. New mothers, those who suffer a loss, veterans, university students, the elderly, the person who works in the office across the hall, the person who lives next door, the person who lives with you...loneliness can affect anyone. 

Loneliness and social isolation are not the same thing. One can be socially isolated and not feel lonely. We sometimes wish to “get away from it all” and experience the calm of solitude. Loneliness, though, can exist in or out of a state of social isolation. Recent research has indicated that both loneliness and prolonged social isolation contribute to a number of physical health problems and have a significant impact on longevity.

People who experience loneliness will often also deal with anxiety and depression. The relationship is somewhat of a vicious circle. Loneliness can cause anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression can also lead to feelings of loneliness. 

If you are experiencing loneliness it can be difficult to reach out and seek help. There are many options available from traditional therapies to social programs to exercise programs or pet therapy. Connecting to resources is important and if you can’t take the first step on your own, talk to a health care provider for assistance. 

If loneliness is not an issue in your own life, count yourself fortunate, but also understand that more than likely someone whom you know struggles with loneliness. We can all make a difference just by reaching out in small ways. Wave at a neighbour, greet the bus driver, have lunch with a friend, call an aunt who lives on her own. The little things count in big ways. 

As governments struggle to find ways to deal with the “loneliness epidemic” (Red Cross), we can each take things down to the micro level by just being good people who do good things. It sounds simplistic, and really it is. Some things really are that simple.


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Sunday, March 04, 2018

Maple Magic

The sweet, smooth taste of this golden ambrosia, otherwise known as maple syrup, could truly have been the food of gods if sugar maples grew in Greece. Sad for them. Lucky for me.

Sugar maple trees grow in the hardwood forests of the central area of eastern North America. If you live in this area, you have probably made a trip to a sugar bush at some point in your life. You may even have a sugar maple or two growing right in your neighborhood.

Maple syrup is made from the sap of the sugar maple tree. It is collected in the spring, boiled down, packaged and then enjoyed by millions of people around the world. 

Maple sap can only be collected in the spring. Indigenous people called this time the maple moon. The cold nights and warming days cause the sap to move up and down the trunk. This movement is what makes it possible to collect the sap. The freezing and thawing of the sap builds up pressure forcing it to flow out through the tap holes.

Maple sap was first collected by indigenous people using hand carved spouts which were inserted into a cut through the outer layers of bark. The sap was collected in bowls made from birch bark. Later, spiles, or metal spouts were used. As the sap dripped from the tree, it was collected in wooden or metal pails. Today, commercial locations use a system of hoses that run from tree to tree and the sap is moved using a vacuum pump to a central location.

Once the sap has been collected, it is boiled until it becomes thick. The ratio of sap to syrup is 40:1. Forty litres of sap must be boiled down to make one litre of syrup. Indigenous people put the sap into a hollowed out log and then put hot rocks into the sap to boil off the water. Later, people filled large vats or kettles with sap and placed it over a hot wood fire. This method is still used today, but commercial operations use large tanks in a sugarhouse and the heat source is often oil, instead of wood.

Commercially produced maple syrup is then graded for color and taste before it is packaged. The darker the syrup, the stronger the flavor. Maple syrup is usually packaged in glass bottles. Sometimes it is sold in metal cans or plastic bottles.

My husband's father had a sugar bush on his farm in the Muskokas. One year he bought some maple sap collecting supplies at a yard sale and decided that he would make maple syrup. He collected the buckets of sap by hand and boiled the sap in a large kettle over a roaring fire. He underestimated how long it would take to boil down the sap and ended up having to sleep overnight in the bush in order to keep an eye on the syrup and the fire. He ended up with several gallons of delicious syrup, but that was the one and only time that he made maple syrup.

Maple syrup is delicious on pancakes, waffles, hot cereal or ice cream. It is used as a sweetener in a wide range of beverages and foods. Try some instead of sugar the next time that you make applesauce...yum!

Buzz Feed has a list of recipe ideas for using maple syrup that they've collected. You can find their list here: "57 Magical Ways to Use Maple Syrup" You can also scroll through the Food Network's maple syrup recipes here: "50 Sweet and Savoury Maple Syrup Recipes"

Here are links to some of my favourite maple flavored recipes:
If you live in an area where maple syrup is made, there are lots of opportunities this time of year to attend a Maple Syrup Festival. It's a great opportunity to see the sugar bush and learn about the process of making maple syrup. You may also get the chance to try some samples! Some festivals also serve up stacks of pancakes. It's a great day trip with friends or family. Check your local media for Maple Syrup Festivals in your area.

The food of gods? You just never know.


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Sugar Maple Leaf in the Fall Wikipedia Map Showing Where Sugar Maple Grow

Maple Muffin


Maple Salad Dressing (single recipe) Maple Hot Chocolate